that was a virtual educational and economic take-off. Ramus, with the whole scholastic drive behind him was able to translate it into the visual “humanism of the new merchant classes.” Such is the simplicity and crudity of the spatial models promoted by Ramus that no cultivated mind, and nobody sensitive to language, could be bothered with them. And yet it was this crudity that gave him his appeal to the self- educated and to the merchant classes. Just how large a section of the new reading public these were has been demonstrated in the great study of Middle-Class Culture in Elizabethan England by L. B. Wright.